OWASP Top 10 2025

Failures in enforcing user permission boundaries, allowing unauthorized access to data and functionality.

Weak or missing encryption, improper key management, and use of deprecated cryptographic algorithms.

SQL, NoSQL, OS command, LDAP, and prompt injection — hostile data sent to interpreters via any input vector.

Missing or ineffective security controls from the design phase — flaws that cannot be fixed by perfect implementation.

Default configs, open cloud storage, missing headers, verbose errors, and unnecessary features enabled.

Using libraries, frameworks, or dependencies with known vulnerabilities — the supply chain risk.

Weak authentication mechanisms, credential stuffing, session fixation, and missing MFA.

Code and infrastructure that rely on plugins, libraries, or CI/CD pipelines without verifying integrity.

Insufficient logging, missing alerting, and lack of incident response capabilities.

Web application fetches a remote resource without validating the user-supplied URL, enabling access to internal services.